Pdf determination of mechanical properties of rocks using simple. Jan 01, 2015 to assess the influence of blasting fragmentation on downstream mining processes, different linear regression models were fitted on rock mass properties and fragmentation data. The objective of this dissertation is to quantify uncertainty of rock property estimation. Rock strength properties and their measurement 375 intact, weak rock fractured 4 strong rock njl i fracture ll fracture cohesion effective normal stress, a is related to the grain size and is generally low in finegrained rocks and higher in coarsegrained rocks see section 2. Thus, from an engineering point of view, a knowledge of the type and frequency of the joints and fissures are often more important than the types of rocks involved. The following tables from telford et al, 1976 provides a very general guide to possible chargeabilities of materials. The final parts of project p200010 will consist of wear material studies, largescale field tests. Rock property measurements and analysis of selected igneous.
Chapter 4 engineering classification of rock materials. In this chapter we look at the basics of each of these properties, and also consider how they are estimated. Micro and macroscopic discontinuities separating intact rock fragments are compliant variably. Typical values for rocks electromagnetic geophysics. Lastly, the best linear relation was found between rock mass properties and percent passing size p80 with determination coefficient of 0.
Esrtpage 7 clastic sedimentary rocks rock name grain size cm comment map symbol conglomerate boulders 25. C physical properties durability, hardness, porosity, etc. Measurements of rock mass elastic modulus are scaledependent heuze, 1980, complicating efforts to translate laboratory results from core sample testing to scales relevant for most rock engineering problems cai et al. Influence of blasting on the size distribution and properties. Geological survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Metamorphic rocks form when changes in the composition andor texture of a rock occur as a result of increasing pressure or temperature but stop short of melting minerals. Reliable estimates of the strength and deformation characteristics of rock masses are. Noiuish rock strength properties amd their measurement. Physical properties of rock at reservoir conditions image. Physical and mechanical properties of rocks springerlink. The classification for igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, and pyroclastic rocks is shown on figures 41, 42, 4. In this paper all important results on laboratory measurements of electrical properties of rocks and minerals for the last four years are presented. Furthermore, if a rock mass is cut by directional joint sets, the rock mass strength is anisotropic.
Rock properties also include other measurable properties that aid in exploration or development of a reservoir. The point load test was reported as an indirect measure of. Whereas material properties refer to the nature of rock in a. Measurement of rock properties at elevated pressures and temperatures.
Size particles particle size distribution aggregates drysieving. Standard laboratory techniques for measurement of rock properties porosity, permeability and gaswater relative permeability must be modified when applied. Extrusive igneous rocks tend to cool much more rapidly, and the minerals grow quicker and can not get as large. Physical pore size distribution water desorption method 1. Hence, the aim of this is to get familiar with of the main rock properties parameters, the way they can be measured and the sources of errors in the results obtained from the laboratory measurements. Blastability evaluation for rock mass fragmentation in iran. Analysis of effects of rock physical properties changes from. Estimating rock mass elastic modulus from seismic resonance.
Elastic wave velocities are obtained from rock cylinders in which delay times are measured using a pulse transmission technique. The nature of these properties are governed primarily by discontinuities, or planes of weakness, that are present in the rock mass. Pdf chapter 4 properties of rock materials chapter 4. Proceedings of isrm regional symposium on eurock 2001, espoo, finland. The fragment properties such as size, morphology, specific surface and reactivity will also be determined in the project. Laboratory testing and interpretation of rock properties. Rock mass strength is scale dependent and varies with the volume of rock under. Grain size distribution sieve analysis an easily measurable.
Quantifying information and uncertainty of rock property estmation. Measurements of electrical and acoustic properties are occasionally included in special core analysis. Chapter 3 rock properties rock properties are the measurable properties of rocks that are a measure of its ability to store and transport fluids, ionic species, and heat. Figure 3 the block size and joint characteristics form the main. Mercury porosimetry or mercuryair capillary pressure curves are commonly used to measure the distribution of pore throat sizes. Determination of rock properties by boreholegeophysical usgs.
Influence of rock property correlation on reliability. The velocity measurements provide correlation to physical properties in terms of compaction degree of the material. Chapter 4 engineering classification of rock materials usda. The detailed measurement and interpretation of soil and rock properties shall be consistent with the guidelines provided in fhwaif02034, evaluation of soil and rock properties.
At the end of the course, you will learn what the main properties of rocks are and also you will learn how to. Nov 30, 2010 thuro k, plinninger rj, zah s 2001 scale effects in rock strength properties. Igneous rocks form when magma, molten rock, rises upward toward the surface and are classified into two types on the basis of texture grain size and composition. This study presents reservoir and elastic properties of coal measure rocks in the lower monongahela group in. Pdf measurement and characterization of rock mass jointing. Rock mass rating basic value, rmr for dry conditions and no adjustment for joint orientation rmr 76 rock mass rating based on the version from 1976 q the rock mass quality system rock mass classification, ngiindex q a modified qsystem, which is stress reduction free and where the ratings given for joint orientation are ignored. Migration path is the pathway that the hydrocarbons take to move away from the source rock to the point where they can find a suitable trap. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from. Seismic velocity, weathering, and secondary cavities are properties related to both the rock material and mass. Robertson abstract all the important thermal properties of rocks can be estimated from the graphs and tables in this report. Index properties of intact rocks id p ti fit tr kindex properties of intact rocks index properties of rocks are generally determined in the laboratory or in the field to provide an initial quantitative description of the rocks. Lecture 9 introduction to rock strength david hart.
Rock properties and their role in rock characterization. Effects of rock mass conditions and blasting standard on. One reason that insitu chargeabilities tend to appear lower than laboratory values is that large volumes of mixed materials are involved in field measurements. This lecture deals with the data collection and in situ testing. The influence of sample size upon rock strength has been widely discussed in. The detailed measurement and interpretation of soil and rock properties shall be consistent with the guidelines provided in fhwaif02034, evaluation of soil and rock properties, geotechnical engineering circular no. Pwave velocity, absorption, shore hardness, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the sampled rocks were measured at every 150 cycles in. Most of the useful published data are summarized herein to provide fairly accurate evaluations of thermal coefficients and parameters of rocks for many engineering and scientific. Rock characteristics processed from logs for the sears no. This can be explained simply as being the result of the many flaws found in rock in the form of fissures, pores, cleavage, bedding planes, foliation, etc.
Nov 01, 2018 bayesian approach for rock property characterization. In general, rock and rock mass properties can be divided into five groups. The properties are determined based on weathering, material strength, stratification of lithologies, frequency of jointing, discontinuities, bedding, orientation of joints, infill material and faults. Measurements of dynamic properties of rock at elevated. Sarkka p, eloranta p eds rock mechanics a challenge for society. Flatjack stress determination, largerscale modulus and permeability tests. Igneous rocks that crystallize slowly beneath the earth s surface, typically have visible individual minerals. Laboratory measurements of electrical properties of rocks and. Particlesize descriptors for sedimentary and pyroclastic. Youngs modulus is modulus of elasticity measuring of the stiffness of a rock material. Particle size descriptors for sedimentary and pyroclastic. Evaluation of the rock properties in structurally deformed.
Reservoir rock properties of coal measure strata of the. The larger the size of the specimen tested the higher the probability that a weak flaw will be available, capable of. This information is mainly used in the interpretation of well logs. Apr 16, 2015 ready pointed out that the size of fragmented rock depends on the blasting standard and mechanical properties of rock 6, it can be seen from this figure that the data vary widely and no obvious correlation can be recognized. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of deformation bands and their kinematics on reservoir properties for a wide range of rock types based on the field measurements in the outcrops of yasamal valley located in the western part of the south caspian basin. Rock property measurements and analysis of selected igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks from worldwide localities by gordon r. Measurement of rock properties in coal for coalbed. This may be because the crack condition of rock mass, mechanical properties of rocks, blasting standard such as figure 3. In general, compared to intact rock, a rock mass has reduced tensile strength almost zero, and reduced shear strength especi ally along discontinuity planes. Backanalysis is used to tie the soil or rock properties to the quantifiable performance of the slope, embankment, wall, or foundation see section 5. Since the size or arrangement of the individual minerals can affect the physical properties of the rock such as permeability or angle of internal friction, it is necessary to describe them so that their engineer log significance can be assessed. Rock mass properties 9 the tunnel face is shown in figure 3 and a back analysis of the behaviour of this material suggests that an appropriate value for v ci is approximately 50 mpa.
Source rock is the rock containing organic matter in sufficient quantity, and is under suitable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbons. Rock masses consist of intact rock pieces separated by tightly interlocking discontinuities. Aug 05, 2015 the multitude of seismic and nonseismic measurements available today that correlate directly or indirectly with specific rock and fluids properties provide geoscientists with opportunities to map and model rock properties both spatially and temporally, regardless of the geologic environment. They can be used to estimate the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the rocks. The effect of pressure and temperature on rock and fluid properties is in some reservoir formations significant, and laboratory measurements should therefore be made at, or. Measurements of dynamic properties of rock at high temperatures and pressures have many applications to geology and solid earth geophysics.
The engineering properties of a rock mass depend often far more on the system of geological defects within the rock mass than of the strength of the rock itself. This book covers the essential concepts of rock properties aiding students, petroleum. Examples of discontinuities are fractures, bedding planes, faults, etc. Rendering rock properties for qualitative and quantitative.
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