Email email protected 2 department of mathematics, university of utah, salt lake city, ut 84112. Pdf western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, first arose as an important invasive pest of. This document presents a program to manage important thrips pests, including western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, chilli thrips scirtothrips dorsalis, and a few other thrips speciesweeping fig thrips gynaikothrips uzeli, gladiolus thrips thrips simplex, and privet thrips dendrothrips ornatusknown to damage several. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of frankliniella. Thripidae is among the most important pests of greenhouse crops in europe and causes considerable damage to commercial rose crops. Thripidae, is a plantfeeding pest most widely recognized for the damage it causes to citrus and mango fruits and has been recognized as a major pest of california citrus since the 1890s horton 1918. Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct pest across a wide range of crops. Despite their ecological significance, the role of endosymbionts in biological invasions by their host insects is still poorly understood. The tremendous growth in international agricultural trade that developed then fostered the invasiveness of western flower thrips. Recently, its known host range has broadened, and this thrips has become a significant pest of a relatively new crop planted in the san. Abstract biological invasions of pests into climatically unsuitable areas.
Citrus thrips, scirtothrips citri moulton thysanoptera. Mar 01, 2009 feeding by the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, causes damage to the fruits of vegetables, and the species is the key vector of tomato spotted wilt virus. The small size and thigmotactic behavior of larvae. There are about 5000 described species of thrips insects in the order thysanoptera 1,2. Aug 01, 2011 determining a relationship between thrips catches on the sticky traps and in the panicles. Invasion of thrips to new ecosystem geographic location is mainly through trading of horticultural commodities includes. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western flower. P oct 11, 2017 the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western flower thrips. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western. Strawberries grown in florida are attacked by several arthropod pests, including flower thrips. Oct 19, 2020 background the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber, and ornamental crops. The thrips species frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci are highly invasive and damaging agricultural pests throughout the world.
Western flower thrips, first arose as an important invasive pest of many crops during the 1970s1980s. Pesticidemediated interspecific competition between local and. Thrips have asymmetrical mouthparts unique to the group. Pdf genome size and ploidy of thysanoptera ed vargo and j. Identification and biology thrips are generally very small up to 2 millimeters mm, or 110 inches, in. Risks of biological control for conservation purposes.
Thrips order thysanoptera are minute mostly 1 mm long or less, slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Jan 01, 2018 in addition to understanding this general thrips biology, it is helpful to understand the biological relationship between thrips and tospoviruses. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western flower thrips annu rev entomol. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species. As the global invasion of the notorious pest, the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande, has. Many species of thrips order thysanoptera are preadapted to an invasive lifestyle. Simpson1 1 a08 heydonlaurence building, university of sydney, nsw 2006. Agriculture pepartment of united states citrus thrlps. Thripidae is an invasive polyphagous pest with an expanding global. Pdf biology of a new species of social parasite inside.
Biology and management of thrips university of georgia. Thrips adults and larvae were sampled in two strawberry tunnels of the cultivars murano and furore from may to august 2018, in the. Thripidae, is a pest in commercially produced onion allium cepa l. The usage of pesticides is associated with major problems, and thus the interest of implementing integrated pest management ipm for rose crops is increasing. Molecular interactions between tospoviruses and thrips. Vincent 2004 florida 2005, texas 2006, and puerto rico 2007. Loss of wolbachia but not cardinium in the invasive range of. Knowledge of thrips species composition could be instrumental for improved thrips management, but very little is known about which species are present in strawberries grown in hightunnels in denmark. Population analysis reveals genetic structure of an invasive. Some of the common thrips affecting landscape and nursery plants are described below. Instead, the program outlines steps to manage and maintain thrips populations throughout initial plant propagation and growth stages at levels that allow the final plant material to be shipped. Thripidae is an invasive polyphagous pest with an expanding global range that damages a wide variety of crops. We examine current knowledge regarding the biology of western flower thrips, with an emphasis on characteristics that contribute to its invasiveness and pest.
Several biological factors make western flower thrips an ideal invasive species to be spread by human activity. There was a significant relationship between the mean number of all thrips species captured by the sticky trap and the mean number of all thrips species recovered per panicle in the orchard df1,16. Biology and pest status of western flower thrips 7 biology and ecology of the western flower thrips thysanoptera. Download citation invasion biology of thrips thrips are among the stealthiest of insect invaders due to their small size and cryptic habits. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, first arose as an important invasive pest of many crops during the 1970s1980s. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis fig. Special issue on novel management tactics for the western. Jan 07, 2006 invasion biology of thrips thrips as pest species of an estimated 8000 extant species of thrips 85 and more than 5500 species that are described, scarcely 1% are recorded as serious pests. Pdf the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Oct 17, 2015 many insects are associated with maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host reproduction or impact other aspects of host fitness. These are small only a few millimetres or less in length. A photobased key of thrips thysanoptera associated with. The underlying genetic mechanisms of the processes governing thrips pest and vector biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, and insecticide resistance are largely unknown.
The chilli thrips derivation 1 or yellow tea thrips, scirtothrips dorsalis hood, is an extremely successful invasive species of pest thrips which has expanded rapidly from asia over the last twenty years, and is gradually achieving a global distribution. Invasion biology inflates its already selfinvented importance by not just claiming that invasions are something to guard against, but by screaming that we are in a fullfledged invasion crisis. Thrips from the genus frankliniella thysanoptera, thripidae are phytophagous on crops and. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips cabi. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators.
Jan 01, 2006 thrips are among the stealthiest of insect invaders due to their small size and cryptic habits. It is currently distributed across at least 10 provinces in china and has become. Mar 01, 2009 in the past 30 years, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Evaluation of yellow sticky traps for monitoring the. Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many. Variation in genetics and performance of dutch western flower. Pdf genome size and ploidy of thysanoptera ed vargo. Many invasive thrips are notorious for causing extensive crop. May 28, 2020 the western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis, is a major threat to a wide range of agricultural crops and rapidly spreads throughout the world. State key laboratory for biology of plant disease and insect pests. Management of the western flower thrips thysanoptera. Frankliniella tritici fitch and frankliniella bispinosa morgan are not pests of fruiting vegetables. Biology of western flower thrips this increasing interest in western flower thrips is a result of its significance as an agricul the general life cycle of western flower thrips tural pest, which raises the question of what has is similar to that of other species in the family enabled it to become such a pest. Thrips tabaci is worldwide distributed polyphagous pest infesting approximately 140 plant species and is major pest of onion.
The species that feed on higher plants occur mostly in the family thripidae. The left mandible is used briefly to cut into the food plant. Thrips are among the stealthiest of insect invaders due to their small size and cryptic habits. Its international importance as a pest has led to tremendous growth in our knowledge of its biology, ecology, and novel approaches for its management.
Biology of a new species of social parasite inside dunatothrips nests, with implications for the evolution of inquilinism in acacia thrips. Pdf a novel rearing technique for the chilli thrips. Phlaeothripidae inside dunatothrips nests, with evolutionary implications for inquilinism in thrips james d. Most feed on fungi and live in leaf litter or on dead wood. Ppt invasion biology of thrips hs gadad powerpoint. In this study, we characterised the genetic diversity of the invasive kellys citrus thrips. Geographical and interspecific variation in susceptibility of three. Morse jg, hoddle ms 2006 invasion biology of thrips. Oct 01, 2012 leek is a typical field crop in the netherlands allowing invasion from thrips deriving from neighboring fields and crops through passive wind dispersion. Unfortunately, the literature on wft is widely dispersed and many researchers. Feeding by the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, causes damage to the fruits of. Invasion and development of verticillium lecanii in the western. This species thrips can move long distances on wind currents is known to feed on over 250 different crop plants mound 1983.
Investigating alternatives to traditional insecticides. Dotted vertical lines show the timing when accumulated adult thrips days reached 10 and 50% of total adult thrips days during the season. With 4 figures biology of a new species of socially parasitic thrips thysanoptera. The pest status of onion thrips can be attributed to its polyphagous nature, high reproductive rate, short generation time, high survival of cryptic nonfeeding prepupa and pupa instars, ability to reproduce without mating. Loss of wolbachia but not cardinium in the invasive range. Investigation of citrus thrips field control using the gha strain of b. Thrips are a major pest in protected strawberry production. Abstract thrips are among the stealthiest of insect invaders due to their small size and cryptic habits. As with all pests, proper identification of thrips is the first step in developing a response to an infestation, and the digital micrograph key provided here was developed to facilitate and enhance the ability of both taxonomists and nonspecialists to identify thrips associated with horticultural crops in florida see table 1 for species list. Introductionthe insect order thysanoptera, which comprises7400 species of thrips characterized by their small size adults are 0. Furthermore, western flower thrips wft as an important invasive insect pest, the research achievements on wft has contributed to the promotion of technological innovation and development for. The thrips management program does not recommend insecticide applications when thrips are first detected. Thripidae, has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide.
Many invasive thrips are notorious for causing extensive crop damage, vectoring viral. Invasion and development of verticillium lecanii in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. Pdf investigating the effect of invasion characteristics. Unlike the hemiptera true bugs, the right mandible of thrips is reduced and vestigial and in some species completely absent. We further highlight emerging topics regarding the species status of western flower thrips, as well as its genetics, biology, and ecology that facilitate its use as a model study organism and will guide development of appropriate management practices.
Pdf investigating the effect of invasion characteristics on. Comparison of two methods of monitoring thrips populations. Thrips in greenhouse crops biology, damage and management. Variation in genetics and performance of dutch western. Identification and biology thrips are generally very small up to 2 millimeters mm, or 110 inches, in length and their colors range from pale yellow to black. The other three thrips species selected for the present study, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, frankliniella fusca hinds and thrips tabaci lindeman, are important pests of many field and greenhouse crops worldwide, are three of the 10 reported vectors of tospoviruses, and are species targeted for sequencing efforts as part of a global. Insects free fulltext species composition of thrips.
Many invasive thrips are notorious for causing extensive crop damage, vectoring viral diseases, and permanently destabilizing ipm systems owing to irruptive outbreaks that require remediation with insecticides, leading to the development of insecticide resistance. Comparison of two methods of monitoring thrips populations in. We examine current knowledge regarding the biology of western flower thrips, with an emphasis on characteristics that contribute to. In addition to the direct damage it can cause, this species is an efficient vector of tomato spotted wilt. Review invasion theory and biological control william f.
Citrus thrips were more susceptible than avocado thrips to all b. Pdf biology and ecology of the western flower thrips. A large part of the economic literature deals with just four species, thrips tabaci, frankliniella occidentalis, scirtothrips dorsalis, and t. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, first arose as an important invasive pest of many crops during the 1970s1980s. Genomeenabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop. Sep 23, 2019 to control this pest, invasion biology, monitoring, and integrated pest management have been generally and intensively studied for 15 years in china. Biology of western flower thrips the general life cycle of western.
137 882 1078 113 1313 134 854 149 1590 434 503 1325 345 528 369 1714 1020 1222 11 1261 306 1094 3 1356